In astrology, Chiron is the “wounded healer”: the place in your chart where you are said to carry a lasting hurt, and where, by working through it, you can help others with the same pain. It is also a real object, a small icy body discovered in 1977 between Saturn and Uranus. Its lopsided orbit is why it lingers more than eight years in Aries but less than two in Libra, and why the famous “Chiron return” arrives between ages 48 and 51, not at 50 to 52.
Key takeaways
- Chiron’s sign and house are read as an area of lasting sensitivity that can become a source of insight and help for others. It is a modern addition: no traditional astrologer used it.
- Astronomer Charles Kowal found it on photographic plates taken at Palomar on October 18, 1977, and recognized it on November 1. Its naming created a whole class of objects, the centaurs.
- Chiron’s orbit is so stretched that its time in a sign varies more than fivefold. In the passages from 1918 to 2027 it spent about 8.3 years in Aries but only 1.6 to 2 years in Virgo or Libra.
- Using NASA/JPL data for about 11,500 birth dates, the first exact Chiron return always fell between ages 48.4 and 50.9. Two-thirds of people get three exact passes, because of retrograde loops.
- Chiron entered Taurus on June 19, 2026, slipped back into Aries on September 18, and returns to Taurus on April 14, 2027, until 2034.
- This is a cultural tradition presented for reflection, not medical, psychological or other advice. If a wound feels heavy, a qualified professional is the right person to talk to.
In this guide
- What Chiron means in astrology
- What Chiron actually is
- The myth behind the name
- How Chiron entered astrology
- How to find your Chiron sign and house
- Why Chiron spends eight years in Aries and two in Libra
- Chiron in the 12 signs
- Chiron in the 12 houses
- The Chiron return: when it really happens
- Where Chiron is now
- Chiron vs. Saturn, Lilith and the North Node
- Chiron sign dates, 1890–2050
- Frequently asked questions
What Chiron means in astrology
Astrologers read Chiron as a wound you cannot simply fix and a gift that grows out of it. Its sign describes the theme of the wound, often shared by everyone born within a few years of you. Its house, which depends on your exact birth time and place, shows the area of life where it is felt most personally: self-image, home, work, relationships and so on.
The “healer” half matters as much as the “wounded” half. The usual reading is that the place you feel least sure of yourself is also where you develop the most empathy and skill, often by helping other people through the same thing. A person with Chiron in the house of communication, for example, might struggle to feel heard and become a gifted listener or teacher. Chiron is not read as a punishment or a prediction of illness, and it should not be used that way.
Chiron is a modern idea. Ptolemy, Lilly and every other traditional astrologer worked with seven visible planets; Chiron was unknown until 1977. Some traditional astrologers still leave it out of their readings entirely. Like the lunar nodes, it is read as a point of meaning rather than one of the classical planets.
What Chiron actually is
Chiron is a small icy body about 166 km across, according to NASA/JPL’s Small-Body Database, though some sources give about 200 km. It was the first known member of a class of objects called centaurs, which orbit among the giant planets. NASA/JPL records the discovery as “1977-10-18 by Kowal, C. at Palomar.” The discovery announcement, the International Astronomical Union’s Circular 3129 of November 4, 1977, already noticed how strange it was:
“The motion, scarcely greater than that of Uranus, is extraordinarily slow for an object so close to opposition.”
— Brian G. Marsden, IAU Circular No. 3129, November 4, 1977
Charles Kowal’s own account, published with W. Liller and Brian Marsden in 1979, explains that he recognized the “Slow-moving Object Kowal” on November 1, 1977, on plates taken at Palomar two weeks earlier. That is why both dates appear in different sources. The same paper chose the name and started a naming convention still used today:
“The discoverer intends to give this object the name Chiron. Chiron was one of the centaurs, and it is suggested that the names of other centaurs be reserved for other objects of this same type that may be discovered in the future.”
— Kowal, Liller and Marsden, “The Discovery and Orbit of (2060) Chiron”, IAU Symposium 81 (1979), p. 249
The orbit is unusually lopsided. At its closest, Chiron comes within about 8.5 times Earth’s distance from the Sun, inside Saturn’s orbit; at its farthest, about 18.9 times, close to Uranus. It is also not quite an asteroid. In 1989, Encyclopaedia Britannica notes, astronomers Karen Meech and Michael Belton detected a faint cloud of gas and dust around it, the mark of a comet, and Chiron now also carries the comet designation 95P/Chiron.
Even its orbital period is not a single number. Kowal’s 1979 paper gave 50.7 years for the orbit at discovery but a long-run average of about 49.0 years over ±550 years, because Saturn and Uranus keep tugging it. Britannica gives 50.45 years, and NASA/JPL’s current orbit works out to about 50.65. Every figure is right for its date; the orbit itself changes.
The myth behind the name
In Greek myth, Chiron was the wise centaur, unlike his wild and violent kin. He was a teacher of heroes and a master of medicine. Homer’s Iliad calls him “the most righteous of the Centaurs” and says it was Chiron who taught Achilles the healing herbs (book 11, trans. A. T. Murray).
His wound came by accident. In the version told by the mythographer Apollodorus, an arrow shot by Heracles at other centaurs struck Chiron in the knee. Heracles pulled it out and applied a medicine Chiron gave him, but the arrow had been dipped in the Hydra’s poison:
“But the hurt proving incurable, Chiron retired to the cave and there he wished to die, but he could not, for he was immortal. However, Prometheus offered himself to Zeus to be immortal in his stead, and so Chiron died.”
— Apollodorus, Library 2.5.4, trans. J. G. Frazer (1921)
A healer who could cure others but not himself, who lived with a wound he could not escape: that is the image astrologers built the “wounded healer” reading on. Chiron is also linked with the constellation Sagittarius, the archer often pictured as a centaur, as covered on our Sagittarius page.
How Chiron entered astrology
Astrologers took up Chiron almost immediately. The American astrologer Zane B. Stein writes that “In 1978, I organized the Association for Studying Chiron (ASC)”, which gathered reports from astrologers around the world. Its newsletter, The Key, first appeared on March 31, 1979, and Stein’s booklet Interpreting Chiron, published in 1983, is usually cited as the first book on Chiron in astrology (Stein’s own account). Fittingly, Chiron’s symbol is drawn like an old-fashioned key.
That short history explains a common question: which zodiac sign does Chiron rule? Officially, none. The traditional sign rulerships were fixed long before Chiron was found, and modern astrologers have proposed Virgo, Sagittarius and others without agreement. Chiron is also not part of Vedic (Jyotish) astrology, which uses the visible planets and the lunar nodes; it is used mainly in Western astrology, with the tropical zodiac explained in our guide to sidereal vs. tropical zodiacs.
How to find your Chiron sign and house
Your Chiron sign needs only your birth date, because Chiron moves so slowly. Use the Chiron sign dates table at the end of this page, calculated from NASA/JPL data. Because Chiron sometimes moves back into the previous sign for a few months, check the exact dates if you were born near a change.
Your Chiron house needs your exact birth time and place, the same information as your Rising sign. Our Birth Chart calculator currently works out your Sun, Moon and Rising, not Chiron, so for the house use a full chart from a site that includes asteroids, then read it with our guide to the 12 astrological houses.
Why Chiron spends eight years in Aries and two in Libra
Many guides say Chiron spends “between 2 and 8 years” in a sign. That is roughly right but misses the pattern. Chiron moves fastest when it is closest to the Sun, and its closest point falls in Virgo and Libra; its farthest point, where it crawls, falls in Pisces and Aries. We added up the days Chiron actually spent in each sign, including retrograde returns, using daily positions from NASA/JPL’s Horizons system:
| Sign | Years in sign per pass | Most recent passes |
|---|---|---|
| Aries | 8.3 | 1968–1977, 2018–2027 |
| Pisces | 7.8–7.9 | 1960–1969, 2010–2019 |
| Taurus | 7.0 | 1976–1984, 2026–2034 |
| Aquarius | 5.4–5.6 | 1955–1961, 2005–2011 |
| Gemini | 4.6–4.8 | 1983–1988, 2033–2039 |
| Capricorn | 3.6 | 1951–1955, 2001–2005 |
| Cancer | 3.1 | 1988–1991, 2038–2042 |
| Sagittarius | 2.4–2.6 | 1948–1951, 1999–2001 |
| Leo | 2.1–2.4 | 1991–1993, 2041–2044 |
| Scorpio | 1.9–2.1 | 1946–1948, 1996–1999 |
| Virgo | 1.6–2.0 | 1993–1995, 2043–2045 |
| Libra | 1.6–2.0 | 1995–1997, 2045–2047 |
Over the full span from 1890 to 2100, the extremes are 1.5 years in Libra (2096–2098) and 8.75 years in Aries (2068–2078). The practical result is that Chiron signs are not evenly shared. Nearly everyone born from spring 1968 to spring 1977 has Chiron in Aries, while a Libra Chiron belongs to people born in a window of under two years.
Chiron in the 12 signs
These are the themes most often given for each Chiron sign in modern astrology. Because Chiron stays in a sign for years, unlike a fast planet such as Venus, the sign describes a theme shared by a whole age group; the house and aspects make it personal.
Chiron in Aries
A wound around identity and the right to exist as yourself: doubting you deserve to take up space or go first. The gift is courage on behalf of others. Recent passes: 1968–1977 and 2018–2027.
Chiron in Taurus
A wound around security, the body and self-worth, often felt through money or comfort. The gift is helping others feel grounded and valued. Recent passes: 1976–1984; again from 2026 to 2034.
Chiron in Gemini
A wound around being heard, learning or communicating, such as feeling not clever enough. The gift is teaching, writing and listening well. Recent pass: 1983–1988.
Chiron in Cancer
A wound around family, home and belonging. The gift is creating a sense of home and care for others. Recent pass: 1988–1991.
Chiron in Leo
A wound around being seen, creativity and confidence. The gift is encouraging others to shine. Recent pass: 1991–1993.
Chiron in Virgo
A wound around usefulness, health and never feeling good enough. The gift is practical, careful help. Recent pass: 1993–1995.
Chiron in Libra
A wound around relationships, fairness and being chosen. The gift is mediation and helping others find balance. Recent pass: 1995–1997.
Chiron in Scorpio
A wound around trust, intimacy, loss or control. The gift is staying present with others through crisis. Recent pass: 1996–1999.
Chiron in Sagittarius
A wound around belief and meaning, such as losing faith or feeling without direction. The gift is helping others find their own philosophy. Recent pass: 1999–2001.
Chiron in Capricorn
A wound around achievement, authority and responsibility taken on too early. The gift is mentoring and fair leadership. Recent pass: 2001–2005.
Chiron in Aquarius
A wound around fitting in, feeling like an outsider. The gift is building community for people who do not fit. Recent pass: 2005–2011.
Chiron in Pisces
A wound around boundaries, sensitivity and feeling overwhelmed by others’ pain. The gift is compassion that knows its limits. Recent pass: 2010–2019.
Chiron in the 12 houses
The house shows where the Chiron theme is lived out. In brief:
| House | Area of life | How the wound and the gift are usually read |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | Self and appearance | Self-image; the gift of helping others accept themselves |
| 2nd | Money and values | Self-worth tied to resources; helping others value themselves |
| 3rd | Communication and siblings | Feeling unheard; a gift for teaching and explaining |
| 4th | Home and family | Roots and belonging; making a home for others |
| 5th | Creativity, play and children | Confidence to create; encouraging others’ creativity |
| 6th | Work, routine and health | Pressure to be useful; practical caregiving |
| 7th | Partnership | Fear of rejection; counseling and mediation |
| 8th | Intimacy, loss and shared resources | Trust and control; support through crisis |
| 9th | Beliefs, study and travel | Doubt about meaning; teaching and guiding |
| 10th | Career and reputation | Public success or authority; mentoring |
| 11th | Friends and groups | Belonging in a group; building community |
| 12th | The hidden and the spiritual | Unseen sensitivity; quiet service (see our 12th house guide) |
People often ask which Chiron placement is “hardest”. Astrology has no agreed ranking. Readers tend to feel the 1st, 4th and 7th houses most strongly, because they touch identity, family and partners, and a Chiron that closely aspects the Sun, Moon or Rising sign is usually read as more prominent than one that makes few aspects.
The Chiron return: when it really happens
A Chiron return is when Chiron comes back to the exact position it held at your birth, after one full orbit. Astrologers treat it as a midlife turning point, a chance to revisit the old wound with more perspective. Most guides put it at “around 50” or “50 to 52”.
We checked. For about 11,500 birth dates from 1890 to 2046, sampled every five days, we used NASA/JPL daily positions to find each person’s exact Chiron return:
| Result | Finding |
|---|---|
| Age at the first exact return | Always between 48.4 and 50.9 |
| People with 3 exact passes | 66% |
| People with 1 exact pass | 24% |
| People with 5 exact passes | 9% |
The passes come from retrograde loops: each year Chiron spends about five months moving backward, so it can cross your natal degree, back over it and forward again within about a year. Someone born on January 1, 1990, with Chiron at 13°49′ Cancer, has their first exact return on June 28, 2040, at age 50.5. If you are 52 and waiting for it, it has almost certainly already happened.
Where Chiron is now
As of October 2, 2026, Chiron is at 29°25′ Aries and retrograde, finishing its last stretch of an Aries pass that began in 2018. Its next moves, from NASA/JPL Horizons (times in UT):
| Date | Chiron moves into |
|---|---|
| June 19, 2026 | Taurus |
| September 18, 2026 | Aries (retrograde) |
| April 14, 2027 | Taurus, until 2033 |
| July 19, 2033 | Gemini, briefly |
| October 23, 2033 | Taurus (retrograde) |
| May 5, 2034 | Gemini, until 2038 |
Chiron’s move into Taurus is read by astrologers as a shift of the collective theme from identity (Aries) to security, the body and money (Taurus), the themes covered on our Taurus page.
Chiron vs. Saturn, Lilith and the North Node
Chiron is easy to confuse with other “difficult” points in a chart. Saturn, a traditional planet, is read as limits and hard lessons that bring maturity: a demand you can meet through effort, felt most at the Saturn return around age 28 or 29. Chiron is read as a hurt that does not go away but becomes useful. Lilith, usually the Black Moon Lilith, is not a physical body at all but a calculated point in the Moon’s orbit, read as what is repressed or rejected; Chiron is a real object, and the two are not the same. The North Node is another calculated point, read as direction and growth. In short: Saturn is the teacher, Lilith the exile, the North Node the road ahead, and Chiron the scar that teaches.
Chiron sign dates, 1890–2050
Open the period that includes your birth date. Each row shows when Chiron was in a sign; rows marked “retrograde” are short returns to the previous sign. Dates are in Universal Time and calculated from NASA/JPL Horizons daily positions; if you were born within a day of a change, check your exact birth time.
Chiron sign dates, 1890–1949
| Dates (UT) | Chiron in |
|---|---|
| before Jan 1, 1890 – Aug 30, 1890 | Cancer |
| Aug 30, 1890 – Feb 8, 1891 | Leo |
| Feb 8, 1891 – May 17, 1891 | Cancer (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| May 17, 1891 – Oct 11, 1892 | Leo |
| Oct 11, 1892 – Mar 1, 1893 | Virgo |
| Mar 1, 1893 – Jun 18, 1893 | Leo (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jun 18, 1893 – Oct 10, 1894 | Virgo |
| Oct 10, 1894 – Oct 6, 1896 | Libra |
| Oct 6, 1896 – Oct 29, 1898 | Scorpio |
| Oct 29, 1898 – Jan 13, 1901 | Sagittarius |
| Jan 13, 1901 – Aug 8, 1901 | Capricorn |
| Aug 8, 1901 – Sep 30, 1901 | Sagittarius (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Sep 30, 1901 – Apr 22, 1904 | Capricorn |
| Apr 22, 1904 – May 20, 1904 | Aquarius |
| May 20, 1904 – Jan 13, 1905 | Capricorn (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jan 13, 1905 – Mar 20, 1910 | Aquarius |
| Mar 20, 1910 – Aug 29, 1910 | Pisces |
| Aug 29, 1910 – Jan 15, 1911 | Aquarius (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jan 15, 1911 – Mar 31, 1918 | Pisces |
| Mar 31, 1918 – Oct 22, 1918 | Aries |
| Oct 22, 1918 – Jan 28, 1919 | Pisces (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jan 28, 1919 – May 25, 1926 | Aries |
| May 25, 1926 – Oct 20, 1926 | Taurus |
| Oct 20, 1926 – Mar 25, 1927 | Aries (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Mar 25, 1927 – Jun 7, 1933 | Taurus |
| Jun 7, 1933 – Dec 22, 1933 | Gemini |
| Dec 22, 1933 – Mar 23, 1934 | Taurus (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Mar 23, 1934 – Aug 27, 1937 | Gemini |
| Aug 27, 1937 – Nov 23, 1937 | Cancer |
| Nov 23, 1937 – May 28, 1938 | Gemini (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| May 28, 1938 – Sep 30, 1940 | Cancer |
| Sep 30, 1940 – Dec 27, 1940 | Leo |
| Dec 27, 1940 – Jun 16, 1941 | Cancer (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jun 16, 1941 – Jul 26, 1943 | Leo |
| Jul 26, 1943 – Nov 18, 1944 | Virgo |
| Nov 18, 1944 – Mar 24, 1945 | Libra |
| Mar 24, 1945 – Jul 22, 1945 | Virgo (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jul 22, 1945 – Nov 10, 1946 | Libra |
| Nov 10, 1946 – Nov 28, 1948 | Scorpio |
| Nov 28, 1948 – Feb 9, 1951 | Sagittarius |
Chiron sign dates, 1950–1999
| Dates (UT) | Chiron in |
|---|---|
| Nov 28, 1948 – Feb 9, 1951 | Sagittarius |
| Feb 9, 1951 – Jun 18, 1951 | Capricorn |
| Jun 18, 1951 – Nov 8, 1951 | Sagittarius (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Nov 8, 1951 – Jan 27, 1955 | Capricorn |
| Jan 27, 1955 – Mar 26, 1960 | Aquarius |
| Mar 26, 1960 – Aug 19, 1960 | Pisces |
| Aug 19, 1960 – Jan 21, 1961 | Aquarius (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jan 21, 1961 – Apr 1, 1968 | Pisces |
| Apr 1, 1968 – Oct 18, 1968 | Aries |
| Oct 18, 1968 – Jan 30, 1969 | Pisces (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jan 30, 1969 – May 28, 1976 | Aries |
| May 28, 1976 – Oct 13, 1976 | Taurus |
| Oct 13, 1976 – Mar 28, 1977 | Aries (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Mar 28, 1977 – Jun 21, 1983 | Taurus |
| Jun 21, 1983 – Nov 29, 1983 | Gemini |
| Nov 29, 1983 – Apr 11, 1984 | Taurus (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Apr 11, 1984 – Jun 21, 1988 | Gemini |
| Jun 21, 1988 – Jul 21, 1991 | Cancer |
| Jul 21, 1991 – Sep 3, 1993 | Leo |
| Sep 3, 1993 – Sep 9, 1995 | Virgo |
| Sep 9, 1995 – Dec 29, 1996 | Libra |
| Dec 29, 1996 – Apr 4, 1997 | Scorpio |
| Apr 4, 1997 – Sep 3, 1997 | Libra (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Sep 3, 1997 – Jan 7, 1999 | Scorpio |
| Jan 7, 1999 – Jun 1, 1999 | Sagittarius |
| Jun 1, 1999 – Sep 22, 1999 | Scorpio (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Sep 22, 1999 – Dec 11, 2001 | Sagittarius |
Chiron sign dates, 2000–2050
| Dates (UT) | Chiron in |
|---|---|
| Sep 22, 1999 – Dec 11, 2001 | Sagittarius |
| Dec 11, 2001 – Feb 21, 2005 | Capricorn |
| Feb 21, 2005 – Aug 1, 2005 | Aquarius |
| Aug 1, 2005 – Dec 6, 2005 | Capricorn (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Dec 6, 2005 – Apr 20, 2010 | Aquarius |
| Apr 20, 2010 – Jul 20, 2010 | Pisces |
| Jul 20, 2010 – Feb 8, 2011 | Aquarius (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Feb 8, 2011 – Apr 17, 2018 | Pisces |
| Apr 17, 2018 – Sep 26, 2018 | Aries |
| Sep 26, 2018 – Feb 18, 2019 | Pisces (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Feb 18, 2019 – Jun 19, 2026 | Aries |
| Jun 19, 2026 – Sep 18, 2026 | Taurus |
| Sep 18, 2026 – Apr 14, 2027 | Aries (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Apr 14, 2027 – Jul 19, 2033 | Taurus |
| Jul 19, 2033 – Oct 23, 2033 | Gemini |
| Oct 23, 2033 – May 5, 2034 | Taurus (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| May 5, 2034 – Jul 22, 2038 | Gemini |
| Jul 22, 2038 – Jan 8, 2039 | Cancer |
| Jan 8, 2039 – Apr 26, 2039 | Gemini (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Apr 26, 2039 – Aug 28, 2041 | Cancer |
| Aug 28, 2041 – Feb 10, 2042 | Leo |
| Feb 10, 2042 – May 16, 2042 | Cancer (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| May 16, 2042 – Oct 23, 2043 | Leo |
| Oct 23, 2043 – Feb 10, 2044 | Virgo |
| Feb 10, 2044 – Jul 1, 2044 | Leo (retrograde, back from the next sign) |
| Jul 1, 2044 – Oct 24, 2045 | Virgo |
| Oct 24, 2045 – Oct 22, 2047 | Libra |
| Oct 22, 2047 – Nov 9, 2049 | Scorpio |
| Nov 9, 2049 – Jan 16, 2052 | Sagittarius |
Frequently asked questions
Is Chiron a planet?
No. Astronomers class it as a centaur, a small icy body orbiting between Saturn and Uranus, numbered as minor planet 2060 and also listed as comet 95P/Chiron. Astrologers use it in charts like a planet.
What killed Chiron in Greek myth?
A poisoned arrow from Heracles struck him by accident. Being immortal, he could not die from the incurable wound until, in Apollodorus’ telling, Prometheus offered to become immortal in his place, and Chiron was allowed to die.
What zodiac sign is associated with Chiron?
Chiron has no official rulership, since it was found in 1977. Modern astrologers have suggested Virgo or Sagittarius, among others. The centaur myth is also linked to the constellation Sagittarius.
Which zodiac sign is Chiron in now?
In October 2026, Chiron is in late Aries, retrograde. It entered Taurus on June 19, 2026, moved back into Aries on September 18, and re-enters Taurus on April 14, 2027, staying until 2033.
How fast does Chiron move through the signs?
Very unevenly. It spends about 8.3 years in Aries but only 1.6 to 2 years in Virgo or Libra, because its orbit brings it much closer to the Sun on that side of the zodiac. A full circuit takes about 50 years.
At what age is the Chiron return?
Between 48.4 and 50.9 for the first exact return, based on NASA/JPL data for about 11,500 birth dates from 1890 to 2046. Most people then have two more exact passes within about a year.
Is Chiron the same as Lilith?
No. Chiron is a physical object in space, read as a wound that becomes a gift. Black Moon Lilith is a calculated point in the Moon’s orbit, read as what is repressed or rejected.
How do I tell which house Chiron is in?
You need your exact birth time and place for a full natal chart that includes Chiron. The house it falls in shows the area of life where its theme is felt most.
What is the hardest Chiron placement?
There is no agreed ranking. Many astrologers feel Chiron most strongly in the 1st, 4th or 7th house, or when it closely aspects the Sun, Moon or Rising sign, but any placement can be read constructively.
Sources
- Marsden, Brian G. IAU Circular No. 3129, “Slow-moving Object Kowal.” Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, November 4, 1977.
- Kowal, C. T., W. Liller and B. G. Marsden. “The Discovery and Orbit of (2060) Chiron.” Dynamics of the Solar System, IAU Symposium 81 (1979): 245–250.
- NASA/JPL Small-Body Database, 2060 Chiron (1977 UB). Discovery record, orbit class, diameter; daily positions 1890–2100 from the JPL Horizons system.
- Apollodorus. The Library 2.5.4, trans. J. G. Frazer (1921). Perseus Digital Library.
- Homer. Iliad 11.830–832, trans. A. T. Murray (1924). Perseus Digital Library.
- Delsemme, Armand H., and Paul Weissman. “Chiron.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Period, diameter and the 1989 coma detection.
- Stein, Zane B. Biography. The Association for Studying Chiron (1978), The Key (1979) and Interpreting Chiron (1983).
- Numyra Methodology Desk. Time in sign, Chiron return ages, sign dates and current positions calculated by us from NASA/JPL Horizons data.
